Bibliometric analysis of the association between drinking water pollution and bladder cancer.

Background: Bladder cancer has become an increasingly intractable health problem worldwide. Long-term drinking water pollution is known to promote its occurrence. This study aimed to analyze the research status, hot spots, and future trends of drinking water pollution and bladder cancer through extensive bibliometric examination to provide reference data for better prevention and management of bladder cancer. Methods: The Scopus database developed by Elsevier was browsed for articles that met the predefined criteria using the search terms related to drinking water and bladder cancer. Included articles were further evaluated by year of publication, subject category, institution, article type, source journal, authors, co-authorship networks, and text mining of titles by R software packages tm, ggplot2 and VOSviewer software. Results: In total, 687 articles were selected after a comprehensive literature search by the Scopus database, including 491 research articles, 98 review articles, 26 conference papers, 23 letters and 49 other documents. The total number of articles published showed an upward trend. The United States has the largest number of published articles (345 articles), institutions (7/10) and funding sponsors (top 5). The journal with the most publications was Environmental Health Perspectives, with 46 published. The highest number of citations up to 2330 times for a single article published in 2007 on the journal of Mutation Research. Professor Cantor K.P. was the highest number of publications with 35 articles and Smith A.H. was the most cited author with the number of citations reaching 6987 times overall and 225 times per article. The most frequent keywords excluding the search subject were "arsenic", "chlorination", "trihalomethane", and "disease agents". Conclusion: This study is the first systematic bibliometric study of the literature publications on drinking water pollution and bladder cancer. It offers an overall and intuitive understanding of this topic in the past few years, and points out a clear direction research hotspots and reveals the trends for further in-depth study in future.

Rational design cold-set interpenetrating network hydrogel based on wheat bran arabinoxylans and pea protein isolates for regulating the release of riboflavin in simulated digestion.

Cold-set interpenetrating polymer network gels as riboflavin (RF) delivery vehicles based on wheat bran arabinoxylans (AX) and pea protein isolate (PPI) were developed via enzymatic-crosslinking. The impact of AX concentrations on the physicochemical property, in vitro digestion property and microstructure of IPN gels was explored. Increased concentrations of AX enhanced the viscoelasticity of IPN gels and resulted in a more compact microstructure. However, at a concentration of 5.0 % (w/v), the faster and stronger crosslinking of AX molecules caused separate network gel between PPI and AX. The IPN gel improved the encapsulation efficiency and release property of embedded RF as compared to PPI gel. SEM results showed that IPN gel maintained a complete network structure after gastric digestion. Particularly, the IPN gel with 1.0 % AX exhibited a homogeneous and complete network structure even after intestinal digestion, which explained the reason for the highest encapsulation efficiency and lowest release ratios of RF.

Design and structural characterization of edible double network gels based on wheat bran arabinoxylan and pea protein isolate.

Double network (DN) gels based on wheat bran arabinoxylan (WBAX) and pea protein isolate (PPI) were fabricated by a two-step sequential gelation method with laccase catalyzed cross-linking followed by heating. The rheological properties, water holding capacity, microstructure and molecular structure of WBAX/PPI DN gels were investigated. Increasing the concentrations of WBAX and PPI contributed to an enhanced viscoelastic modulus of DN gel, which exhibited an interconnected, bicontinuous and compact structure with smaller pore sizes, as a result of higher cross-linking intensity of WBAX molecules. Low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) results showed that increasing the contents of PPI and WBAX could further restrict the water mobility within DN gel, which was beneficial for enhancing the water holding capacity of gel samples. The molecular structure analysis showed that the crosslinking of WBAX-WBAX, PPI-PPI and WBAX-PPI participated in the formation of WBAX-PPI DN gels.

First Report of Flower Stalk Wilting Caused by Rhizopus oryzae on Chinese cabbage in China.

Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) is one of the main biennial vegetables in China and its flowers can be produced in the second year. In May 2021, approximately 50% of the flower stalks of Chinese cabbage wilted in a field in Laizhou, China. Water-soaked lesions were first observed on the lateral shoots of flower stalks, leading to wilting at a later stage. Small diseased tissues were excised from the margin of lesions, surface disinfected in 75% alcohol, rinsed in distilled water twice, and transferred onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium for incubation at 28 ℃. Five fungal isolates were obtained using single spore isolation method. The fungal colonies were initially white and became gray or black within 5 days. The columella was globose to subglobose and 82.86±5.25 µm (n=5) in diameter; sporangiophores were smooth-walled, simple or branched; the globose sporangia were 86.06±15.37 µm (n=5) in diameter and black; the sporangiospores were subglobose and abundant and 5.23±0.98 µm (n=5) in diameter; and the rhizoids were dark brown and 5.69±1.82 µm (n=5) wide. A cetyl tri-methyl ammonium bromide method was used to extract DNA from 3-day-old hyphae (Ausubel et al. 1987). PCR was performed for ITS (White et al. 1990), the RNA polymerase II large subunit (RPB1) gene (Voigt et al. 2000) and the actin (ACT) gene (Stiller et al. 1997). The DNA sequences of the five isolates were identical, therefore, the sequence of Isolate RO21 was submitted to GenBank. According to BLAST search, the ITS (MZ452687), RPB1 (OK431470), and ACT (OK431471) sequences showed 99.66% similarity to Rhizopus oryzae Strain CBS 112.07 (NR103595), 100% to Strain CBS 127.08 (KJ566325) and 100% to Strain CBS 102660 (KJ551423), respectively. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was reconstructed based on the ITS of Isolate RO21 and 14 other Rhizopus species sequences obtained from GenBank. Isolate RO21 was found to be most closely related to R. oryzae and far from other species. Based on morphological and phylogenetic characteristics, Isolate RO21 was identified as R. oryzae (Dolatabadi et al. 2014, Kwon et al. 2015, Palemón-Alberto et al. 2020). Sporangiospores were harvested from 5-day-old PDA cultures, suspended in sterilized distilled water, adjusted to 106 spores/ml and amended with 0.1% Tween-80. Chinese cabbage inbred line "A54-1" was inoculated near the middle of the flower stalk by applying 20 µl of spore suspension (106 spores/ml) to each of three sites wounded using a sterilized knife or to the unwounded site. Sterilized distilled water was used as the control. Forty flower stalks (20 for the inoculation treatment and the rest for the control) selected from ten plants were used for pathogenicity test. All plants were incubated in a growth chamber at 28/22 °C (day/night), with 80 to 90% of relative humidity. Wilting symptoms similar to those in the field were observed in the wounded flower stalks after 5 days and in the non-wounded flower stalks after 15 days. All control flower stalks remained asymptomatic. The fungus was re-isolated from the artificially infected flower stalks and identified as R. oryzae by morphological characteristics and sequencing to fulfill the Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report that R. oryzae causes flower stalk wilting on Chinese cabbage in China. The results can provide the basis for future studies on the occurrence, prevention and management of this disease.

Development and characterization of novel bigels based on monoglyceride-beeswax oleogel and high acyl gellan gum hydrogel for lycopene delivery.

The aim of present study was to develop novel bigels as a semi-solid vehicle for lycopene delivery. Bigels were prepared by using the mixture of glycerol monostearate (GMS)-beeswax based oleogel and high acyl gellan gum hydrogel in different proportions. The confocal microscopic observations showed that the obtained bigels were oleogel-in-hydrogel, and droplets became larger with increased contents of oleogel. Higher fractions of oleogel increased the mechanical strength (storage modulus, firmness) of bigels. According to the rheological results, all bigels exhibited solid-like characteristics since the storage modulus were larger than loss modulus. DSC results showed that the melting temperature of bigel was higher than that of oleogel. During in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion, the total release percentages varied from 60% to 80%, and a higher content of oleogel within bigels could slower down the release of lycopene, suggesting that a higher proportion of oleogel was beneficial for delivery of fat-soluble nutraceuticals.

A Sensitive Signal-on Supersandwich DNA Biosensor Based on the Enhancement of Poly(aniline-luminol) Nanowires Electrochemiluminescence by Ferrocene.

A signal-on supersandwich type of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA biosensor was developed based on the poly(aniline-luminol) nanowires (PALNWs) modified electrode and enhancement of ferrocene (Fc) on ECL of luminol. Aminated capture DNA was covalently linked to the PALNWs on the electrode surface by the crosslinking of glutaraldehyde. In presence of target DNA, its 3' terminus hybridizes with the capture probe and the 5' terminus hybridizes with ferrocene labeled DNA (Fc-DNA) to form a long DNA concatamer supersandwich structure. The ECL intensity of the prepared biosensor was clearly improved by increasing the concentration of target DNA due to the enhancement of ferrocene on luminol ECL. The difference of the ECL intensity in the absence and presence of target DNA was used to monitor the hybridization event. The difference of ECL linearly increased with the logarithm of target DNA concentration in the range from 1.0  × â€¯10-16 - 1.0  × â€¯10-8 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 5.8  × â€¯10-17 mol L-1. The sensor had high sensitivity and wide linear relationship for the detection of target DNA.

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of CC-NBS-LRR Family in Response to Downy Mildew and Black Rot in Chinese Cabbage.

The nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) gene family is the largest group of plant disease resistance (R) genes widespread in response to viruses, bacteria, and fungi usually involved in effector triggered immunity (ETI). Forty members of the Chinese cabbage CC type NBS-LRR family were investigated in this study. Gene and protein characteristics, such as distributed locations on chromosomes and gene structures, were explored through comprehensive analysis. CC-NBS-LRR proteins were classified according to their conserved domains, and the phylogenetic relationships of CC-NBS-LRR proteins in Brassica rapa, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Oryza sativa were compared. Moreover, the roles of BrCC-NBS-LRR genes involved in pathogenesis-related defense were studied and analyzed. First, the expression profiles of BrCC-NBS-LRR genes were detected by inoculating with downy mildew and black rot pathogens. Second, sensitive and resistant Chinese cabbage inbred lines were screened by downy mildew and black rot. Finally, the differential expression levels of BrCC-NBS-LRR genes were monitored at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h for short and 0, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days for long inoculation time. Our study provides information on BrCC-NBS-LRR genes for the investigation of the functions and mechanisms of CC-NBS-LRR genes in Chinese cabbage.

A label-free electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for carbohydrate antigen 153 based on polypyrrole-luminol-AuNPs nanocomposites with bi-catalysis.

Polypyrrole-luminol-AuNPs nanocomposites were prepared and used to develop a sensitive label-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) detection. Firstly, polypyrrole (PPY) nanoparticles were synthesized by a chemical oxidation method using FeCl3 as an oxidizing agent, then luminol and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were combined with PPY nanoparticles through electrostatic interaction to form PPY-luminol-AuNPs nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis absorption spectra, atomic emission spectrometry (AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Especially, iron element was also detected in the nanocomposites. The PPY-luminol-AuNPs nanocomposites showed excellent ECL activity due to the bi-catalysis of iron ion and gold nanoparticles on the ECL of luminol. Furthermore, the nanocomposites showed good film-forming property, and it can be fixed on electrode surface without the assistance of other film-forming materials. On this basis, an ECL immunosensor for CA153 was constructed by covalently immobilizing anti-CA153 on PPY-luminol-AuNPs modified indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) electrode. In the presence of CA153, a remarkable decrease in ECL signals was observed due to the formation of anti-CA153/CA153 complex. The immunosensor showed a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 0.001 to 700 U/mL for CA153, and the detection limit was 5.8 × 10-4 U/mL (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the ECL immunosensor was applied to the determination of CA153 in practical human serum sample.

Role of microRNA and long non-coding RNA in Marek's disease tumorigenesis in chicken.

Marek's disease virus (MDV), the causative agent of Marek's disease (MD), results in highly infectious phymatosis, lymphatic tissue hyperplasia, and neoplasia. MD is associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) entails long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA). Numerous studies have reported that specific miRNAs and lncRNAs participate in multiple cellular processes, such as proliferation, migration, and tumor cell invasion. Specialized miRNAs and lncRNAs militate a similar role in MD tumor oncogenesis. Despite its growing popularity, only a few reviews are available on ncRNA in MDV tumor oncogenes. Herein, we summarized the role of the miRNAs and lncRNAs in MD tumorigenesis. Altogether, we brought forth the research issues, such as MD prevention, screening, regulatory network formation, novel miRNAs, and lncRNAs analysis in MD that needs to be explored further. This review provides a theoretical platform for the further analysis of miRNAs and lncRNAs functions and the prevention and control of MD and malignancies in domestic animals.